Protractor.



PATENTED OCT. 25, 1904.

C. L. NEWTON. PROTRACTOR. APPLICATION FILED No.1?. 1902.

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FATENTED 0011.25, 1904.

C. L. NEWTON.

PROTRAGTGR.

APPLICATION I-ILED 11110.17, 1902.

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UNITED STATES Patented October 25, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

PROTRACTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. '7 '7 3,262, dated October 25, 1904.

Application filed December 17, 1902. Serial No. 135,641. (No model.)

T all wwm/ it 77mg concern/ .Be it known that I, CHARLES L. NEWTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pueblo, in the county of Pueblo and State of Colorado, have invented new and useful 1mprovements in Protractors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in protractors.

The invention aims to provide a protractor adapted for use as a double try-square, bevel, and bevel-protractor; and the primary object thereof is to provide an adjustable protractor capable of obtaining an exact angle between positive angles.

rlhe invention further aims to provide a protractor with a stock and blade adjustableA to various angles, a scale of degree to show the degree of the adjustment, an auxiliary graduated scale that will show the equivalent of the degree of angles in inches taper per foot, and to provide means for locking the protractor when adjusted to the vdesired position.

rl`he invention further aims to providea protractor which shall be extremely simple in its construction, durable, eflicient in its use, and comparatively inexpensive to manufacture.

i To this end the invention consists of the novel combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more specifically described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the claims hereunto appended.

In describing' the invention in detail reference is had tothe accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, wherein like reference characters denote corresponding parts throughout the several views, and in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of the protractor. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof. Fig. 3 is atransverse section on the line 3 3 of Fig'. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1. Fig'. 4a is a perspective View of the clamping-plate. Fig. 5 is a slightly-modified form of the protractor. Fig'. 5 is a sectional view of the pointer employed in the construction shown in Figs. l, 5, and 6, showing the beveled sides of the opening formed therein. Fig. 5b is a perspective view of the clamping-plate employed in the construction shown in Figs. 5, 6. Figs. 6 and 7 are a front and side elevation, respectively, of the protractor as applied to a machinists common bevel. Figs. S and 8a are front and edge views, respectively, of the notched plate in connection with the construction shown in Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a modified form of a blade or rule. Fig. l0 is a front elevation of a try-square, showing each of the blades providedwith a groove, the blades being broken away at each end. .Figs 11 and 12 are front elevations of the manner of using the scale of tapers. T

Referring to the drawings by reference characters, l denotes the stock of the protractor, which is provided with a longitudinal groove 2, extending the entire length of one side thereof, and is adapted to receive the trysquare 3 or, if desired, the blade 4. The stock l at one end is also provided with a horizontally-extending groove 5, in whichis preferably or normally mounted the blade 4. It would be well to state that the blade 4 is a rule of any length desired and also that the try-square 3 lmay be of any size desired. The groove 5, in which the blade 4 is normally mounted, extends around in the other side of the stock l opposite to the side in which is formed the groove 2. The inner wall of the groove 2 and the inner wall of the groove 5 are indicated by dotted lines in Fig. l. The try-square 3 may be mounted in the groove 5, and, as before stated, the blade 4 may be mounted in the groove 2; but, as shown, the

blade 4 is mounted in the groove 5. The stock l .is preferably rectangular in contour, as shown in Fig. l; but, if desired, one end of the" stock may be rounded oii', as shown in The stock l is recessed at one side near one end in any suitable manner to form a level-chamber 6, in which is arranged the spirit-level glass 6. z

The stock l is constructed in such a manner as to form the ledges 7 7 a 7h, extending around three sides thereof, and the upper face of the stock between the side ledges 7 7 a is provided with a degree-scale 9 and an auxiliary gradul coupling piece 20, and the plate 23 is a bolt ated degree-scale 10, that will indicate theI equivalent of the degree of angles in inches taper per foot. These scales are arranged parallel to one another and preferably at one end of the stock. The upper face of the latter is so constructed between the side ledges 7 7 as to form a support 11 for the pointer 12, having setting' lines or marks adapted to suitably register with the scales for setting' the pointer correctly. The support 11 is provided with a transversely-extending segmentshaped opening 13, through which extends the bolt 14, engaging' the pointer 12. The upper end of the bolt 14 is secured to the pointer 12 an d at its lower end carries a thumbnut 15, which is arrang'ed in a recess 16, formed in the lower face of the stock 1. The latter is also provided with a vertically-extending opening' 17, which terminates at its lower end into the recess 16. rJhe stock 1 is also recessed in its upper face, at one end thereof, forming a chamber 18 for the purpose hereinafter set forth.

The blade or rule4 provided with a groove 19 in the center of one face thereof, and this groove 19 extends the entire length of the blade. The blade or rule 4 may be constructed, if desired,.with a groove in each of its faces, as at 19u 19h, Fig. 11. 1t will be evident that when the blade 4 is mounted in the stock 1, owing to the groove 5 extending from one side to the other of the stock, as hereinbefore mentioned, the blade 4 will be allowed to close down to forty-five degrees or thirty degrees.

Mounted within the chamber 13 of the stock 1 is a connecting' or coupling' piece 20, having one end provided with an upwardly-extending lugl 21, adapted to engage in either of the grooves 19 19 19b of the blade 4, as the occasion requires. The other end of the connecting' or coupling' piece 20 is provided with an upwardly-extending inclined lug 22, engaging a flat plate 23,rnounted in the grooves 2 and 5 of the stock 1. The fiat plate 23 is slightly more than semicircular in contour. The plate 23 is provided with an opening 23', into which extends the lug 22 of the connecting or coupling piece 20 for coupling the blade 4 and plate 23 together, so that they will be bodily movable, or, in other words, the straight edge of the plate 23 abuts against the inner edge of the blade 4, and when in such position the plate and blade are connected together by means of the piece 20. The circular edge of the plate 23 is provided with a series of teeth 24, forming a segmental rack. The notches in the circular edge of the plate 23, formed by the teeth 24, are a1'- ranged at suitable angles, and adjacent to the notches upon the upper face of the plate 23 is a scale rfhe latter as applied to the notches isascale of fifteen degrees. Extending through the stock 1, the connecting or 26, screw-threaded at its upper end and carrying a clamping-nut 27. The head 26' of the bolt 26 is provided with a pin 26, which extends into the connecting or coupling piece 2O and is adapted to prevent the bolt from turning. As before stated, the plate 23 is slightly more than a half-circle, so as to take in the bolt 26.

'.lhe inner end of the pointer 12 is mounted upon the plate 23 andthe blade4, and the bolt 26 extends through this end of the pointer 12, the latter being apertured for such purpose. At one side of the bolt 26 the pointer 12 is provided with an `opening 29, in which is arranged in any suitable manner a spring 30 upon the pin 30". The function of the spring 3() and the pin 30" will be hereinafter set forth. Mounted upon the inner end of the pointer 12 and through which extends the bolt 26 is a clamping-plate 31. The latter is provided with an elongated slot 32 to permit of its being laterally movable upon the inner end of the pointer 12 and through the slot 32 extends the upper end of the bolt 26. The clamp 31 at its inner end is provided with a tapering downwardly-extending' projection 34, which is adapted to extend through the opening 29 of the pointer 12 and suitably eng'age in the notches formed by the teeth 24 in the circular edge of the plate 23. r1`he projection 34 carries the pin 30 and is retained within the notches of the plate 23 by means of the spring 30, the latter bearing against the projection 34 and one wall of the opening' 29. The clamp 31 is provided with an opening 35, so the scale 25 can be read.

ln the modified forni shown in Fig. 5 the pointer 12 in its upper face at one side of the bolt 26 is provided with the grooves 23, and the clamping-plate 31 at its outer end on its lower face is provided with a lug 32, Fig. 5", adapted to suitably engage in the groove 23 in the pointer 12. By this arrangement the spring 30 and pin 30ll can be dispensed with, as when the lug 32 eng'ages in the outer of the grooves 23 the projection 34 will be retained in the notch of the plate 23, or, in other words, when the spring' 30 and pin 30 are eniployed the grooves 28 and the lug 32 are dispensed with. When the spring 30 and pin 30u are dispensed with, the grooves 28 and lug 39 are employed.

The holt 14 and nut 15 4are adapted to connect the pointer 12 or 12' to the stock 1. Assuming that the stock and blade are set at ninety degrees, unlock the blade 4 and plate 23 from the pointer 12 by unloosening the clamping-nut 27, which will permit of loosening the clamp 31, so that the operator can move the plate 23 to the next notch and loch it there by screwing home the clanii'iing-nut 27 against the clamp 31. The angle is now decreased ifteen degrees, leaving' the blade and stock at seventy-live degrees. Any angle be- IOS IIO

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tween seventy-live degrees and ninety degrees is obtained by releasing the pointer 12 by means of unloosening the nut 15 and moving the pointer to the degree desired on the graduated scale of degrees 9. For example, if eighty degrees is desired the pointer would be set and locked at iive degrees on the graduated scale 9. Thus the protractor is set at seventylive degrees on the scale 25 plus five degrees on the graduated scale of degrees, which amounts to eighty degrees. The graduated scale is not shown subdivided into fractions of degrees, although this particular scale of degree-marks is more 'capable of being' subdivided than those of ordinary protractors because of the long radius of degree-circle; but it would be well to state that any form of scale may be employed.

The side ofthe stock slotted to receive the blade 4 when closed to Zero degrees is the main working side of the stock. The angle formed by the blade with this side from zero degrees to ninety degrees is indicated by degrees shown on the plate 23 through the opening in the pointer 12 and clamp 31 plus the number pointed at on the graduated scale of degrees.

It will be observed that when the plate 23 is moved a notch, owing to the connectingpiece 20, the blade4 will be moved therewith'. It will also be evident that the groove 19 in the blade 4 permits of adjusting the blade to any position of the scale thereon, and after the pointer is set to the degree desired on the graduated scale it is locked in position through the medium of the nut 15.

The angles indicated by the scale 25 of the plate 23 are' exact, and the parts are more quickly adjusted to form them than in the common form of protractors, not .depending on the eye for accurate setting. Those of the graduated scale of degrees are easier for the eye. because the marks are not so close together, being on a larger radius.

No special construction of blade is necessary for use in c onnection with the stock 1, as the latter is adapted for the old style of blades. All that is necessary is to provide any ordinary blade with a groove or grooves, as hereinbefore set forth. The blades of the try-square 3 are provided with grooves 3 3b, Fig. 10, and when the try-square is substituted for the blade 4 it will have the following ad vantage-that is, when employed with the solid side of the stock 1: The protractor could be used for thin work, such as templets, of any angle from Zero to one hundred and eighty degrees and for surfaces inclined to each other where some distance intervenes, similar to illustration in Fig. 12.

The two scales on the end of the stock are respectively a scale of degrees and a scale of inches taper per foot, and when the protractor is adjusted to the hub, face, and side of a taper-bored hole the angle, as well as the taper per foot, for lathe-turned work to fit the hole will be indicated by thescales. The protractor with the two scales mentioned can also be used for other purposes, one of which is for indicating the full taper of taper turned or bored work` and in this' connection the square 3 is secured in the groove 2 through the medium of a set-screw 40 and with blade 4 adjusted to taper turned or bored work. Thus the full taper will be indicated. The set-screw 40 can also be used to hold a second rule end to end, with the blade 4 set at zero degrees.

The spirit-level in the stock can be used, in addition, to test set or drill work. It. can also be used to test work planed out any desired taper per foot by using the level as an inclinometer and the scale for tapers. The level in the stock can furthermore be used to test the inclination of the boring-bar in vertical boring-machines when boring or turning work any desired taper per foot.

The side ledge 7 of the stock 1 is provided with an adjustable set-screw 41, the function of which is to adjust the blade or rule to exactly ninety degrees, or square. For example, the pointer 12 can stop against the screw 41 and the latter be adjusted so that the blade shall be exactly square, or ninety-degrees. The screw 41 can be dispensed with, as the pointer can be bent the desired distance, so that the blade will stand exactly square.

In Fig. 521 a section of the pointer 12 is shown, said pointer 12 being employed with the structure set forth in Figs. 1, 5, and 6. The pointer 12 is provided with an opening 29, having the side walls thereof vbeveled or inclined, as clearly shown in Fig. 5a. The beveling of the side walls of the opening 29 is to -obtain a snug fit for the depending projection 34 or 34' of the clamping-platc'31 or 31. The projections 34 34 have a portion of their length inclined, as shown in Figs. 4, 5l.

In Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 8u is shown the invention as applied to a machinists common bevel, and in the said ligures of the drawings `the stock is shown as formed of two sections 50 51, having a suitable spacing medium interposed between the same at one end. The section 51 is provided with an elongated longitudinal slot 44 and the section 50 with a like slot 49, With the exception that the slot 49 is considerably wider than the slot 44. Between the sections 50'and 51 is arranged the slotted blade 42, which is movable with an adjusting-plate through the intervention of an oset 45 on the plate 45 engaging in the slot of the blade 42. The adjusting-plate 45 is circular in contour and formed with a circumferentially-extending series of notches 46, arranged with respect to a degree-scale upon one face of the plate 45. Mounted upon the section is an adjustable pointer 48 movable with relation to a degree-scale, (indicated by the reference character 57,) and a scale of IOO IIO

inches taper per foot, (indicated by the reference character 58,) said scales being arranged upon the section 50. The latter is further provided with a pin or stop for limiting the movement of the pointer and for bringing the blade 42 exactly'squarc. The pointer 48 retained in its adjusted position through the medium of a bolt 47, extending through a segment-shaped opening' 48/ in the pointer and having a head 48" of such size as to lit closely, but capable of sliding movement in l the slot 4E). The bolt 4T carries a thumb-nut 48, which when screwed home in connection with the bolt 47 will retain the pointer in its adiusted position. Extendingl through the slots 44 49 of the sections 5() 5l and the plate 45 and pointer 48 is a headed bolt 55, 'arrying a binding screw-nut 56. The bolt also extends through a clamping-plate 52, mounted upon and adapted to engage in the pointer 48. The plate 52 is provided with a projection 54, adapted to extend through the opening 58 in the pointer 48, so as to engage with the notches 46. The plate 52 is also provided with an opening' 58') to permit of seeing' the degree-scale 58c upon the plate 45. The slots 44 and 49 in the sections 5l and 5() permit of the longitudinal movement of the bolt and the slot 49 permits of the longitudinal movement of the head 48" of the bolt 47.

The pointer 12' in Fig. 5 is provided with a groove 28', and the pointer 48 in Fig. 6 is provided with a groove 523/. These grooves are adapted to receive the lug of the clamping-plate when the tool is used as a common bevel. Then used as a common bevel, the

clamping-plate is disengaged from the notched plate, the bevel is adjusted as desired, and clamped the same way as an ordinary bevel is clamped or fastened in adjusted position, or, in other words, the clamping-plate rcmains disengaged from the notched plate; but the lug of the clamping-plate engages in the groove 28' when the construction of Fig. 5is employed and in the groove 5i. when the construction of Fig. (5 is employed.

In Figs. ll and 12 are shown two ways of using' the scale of tapers. Fig. ll illustrates how the protractor would be applied to the end and side of a taper-turned end to get the angle of side with the center line and also one-half of the taper per foot. Fig. l2 illustrates how the protractor would be applied to get the full angle and full taper, using' the thin square in place of the blade and rule held in the stock-groove. A metallic rule graduated on both sides or a plain rule without graduations can be used for the blade.

It is thought that the many advantages of a protractor constructed in accordance with the foregoing description, taken in connectio n with the accon'lpanying drawings, can be readily understood, and it will, furthermore, be evident that changes, variations, and modifications can be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrilicing any of its advantages, and il therefore do not wish to restrict myself to the details of construction hcreinbefore described and as shown in the accompanying drawings, but reserve the right to malte such changes, variations, and modifications as come properly within the scope of the protection prayed.

Having thus fully described my invention, what l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isv4 l. A protractor comprising a stock having on its upper face a degree-scale and a scale of inches taper per foot, a pointer adjustably mounted in said stock, a blade mounted in the stock, an adjustable toothed plate mounted in the stock and provided with a scale, means for connecting the plate to the blade causing thereby the simultaneous adjustment of the blade when the plate is adjusted, and means mounted upon the pointer and extending therethrough and engaging the plate for connecting the pointer to the plate.

2. A protractor comprising a grooved stock provided with a spirit-level, a blade mounted in the groove of the stock, a toothed plate mounted in the stock against the blade, means for coupling the blade to the plate, a pointer mounted in the stock and having a portion thereofI superposed upon the said plate and blade, means for adjustably connecting the pointer to the stock, a bolt extending through the said plate and pointer, and a clamping means mounted on the bolt and pointer and extending through the pointer and engaging with said plate.

3. A protractorcomprising a grooved stoel; provided with a scale of degrees, a scale of inches taper per foot and a spirit-level, a blade mounted in the groove of the stock, a toothed plate mounted in the stock and provided with a scale, means for connecting' the blade to the plate, a pointer mounted in the stock and mov able in relation to said scales, means extending through the stock for adjustably connecting the pointer thereto,said pointer adapted to extend upon said blade and plate, a clampingplate mounted upon the pointer and extending therethrough and engaging the toothed plate, a bolt extending through said connecting means, toothed plate, pointer and clami'iingplate, and means mounted upon the bolt and engaging the claml'iing-plate for clamping the pointer, toothed plate and blade together.

4. A protractor comprisinga grooved stock, a blade mounted in the groove of the stock, a toothed plate .mounted in the stock against the blade, means for coupling the blade to the plate, a pointer mounted in the stoel( and having a portion thereof superposed upon the said plate and blade, means for adjustably connecting' the pointer to the stock, a bolt extending' through the said plate and pointer,

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and a clamping means mounted on the bolt and pointer and extending through the pointer and engaging' with said plate.

5. A protractor comprisinga grooved stock provided with a scale of degrees and a scale of inches taper per foot, a blade mounted in the g'roove of the stocl,a toothedbplate mounted in the stock and provided with a scale, means for connecting the blade to the plate, a pointer mounted in the stock and movable in relation to said scales, means extending throug'h the stoel; for adjustably connecting the pointer thereto. said pointer adapted to extend upon said blade and plate, a clampingplate mounted upon the pointer and extending' therethrough and engaging the toothed plate, a bolt extending through said connecting means, toothed plate, pointer and clamping-plate, and means mounted upon the bolt and engaging' the clamping-plate for clamping the pointer, toothed plate and blade together.

6. A protractor comprising a stock having a degree-scale of fine graduations on its upper face for indicating angular measurements, said stoel; further provided with a straight working edge, an adjustable blade mounted in said stock and cooperating With the edge thereof for forming various angles when adjusted, operating means for said blade mounted in the stock and adapted When operated to adjust the blade to the position desired, said operating means provided with a scale of coarse graduations for indicating angular measurements, a pointer adjustably mounted in the stock and movable in relation to said scale of iine graduations for adjusting said operating means and blade for obtaining a degree or a fraction of a degree between the angles indicated by the coarse graduations, means for connecting the pointer, the adjustable means and said blade together, causing them to be bodily movable, and means for lixing' the pointer and the blade in their adjusted positions.

7. A protractor comprising a stock having a deg'ree-scale of line graduations on its upper face for indicating angular measurements,said stock further provided with a straight working edge, an adjustable blade mounted in said stock and cooperating With the edge thereof for forming various angles when adjusted, operating means for said blade mounted in the stock and adapted when operated to adjust the blade to the position desired` said operating means provided with a scale of coarse graduations for indicating angular measurements, a pointer adjustably mounted in the stock and movable in relation to said scale of` fine graduations for adjusting said operating means and the blade for obtaining'a degree or a fraction thereof between the angles indicated by the coarse graduations, means for connecting the pointer, the adjustable means and said blade together causing them to be bodily movable, and means extending through the stock and engaging the pointer for fixing it and said blade in their adjusted positions.

8. A protractor comprising a stock provided With a chamber having a level-glass, said stock further provided with a degree-scale of fine graduations, an angularly and longitudinally adjustable blade mounted in the stock, mechanism connected with the blade, adjusted thereby and adapted to indicate the adjustment of the blade, a pointer mounted in the ystock and provided with an opening, means carried by the stock and extending through the opening for adjustably connecting the 1 pointer to the stock, means mounted upon the pointer, extending therethrough and engaging in said mechanism for connecting' the latter to the pointer and for fixing the said pointer and said mechanism in their adjusted positions.

9. A protractor comprising a stock provided with a groove and a degree-scale of fine grad uations to indicate angular measurements, said stock further provided With a scale of inchestaper per foot, a square mounted in part of the groove, means engaging the square for securing' it Within the stock, a blade mounted in the groove, means connected With the blade and adapted when operated to adjust said blade to various angles, a pointer adjustably connected with said means, and means for retaining the pointer and said adjustable means for the blade in their adjusted positions.

10. A protractor comprising' a rectangular stock provided With an L-shaped groove, a grooved try-square mounted in the groove of the stock, means engaging in the groove of the try-square for adjustably connecting said try square to the stock, a grooved blade mounted in the groove of the stock, means engaging in the groove of the blade and adapted When operated to adjust said blade to various angles, and means for iixing the said adjusting means after the blade is in its adjusted position.

1l. A protractor comprising' a stock, a pointer mountedy therein and adjustably connected thereto, a blade mounted in the stock, means mounted Within said stock below the pointer and connected with the blade and .adapted to be adjusted by and to indicate the adjustment of the blade, and means .mounted above the pointer and adapted to connect the blade and adjusting means thereto, causing there by the simultaneous adjustment of said means and blade when the pointer is adjusted.

l2. A protractor comprising a stock, asecondary angle-adjusting means carried thereby, a primary angle-adjusting means carried by the stock and provided with a longitudinally-adjustable.member and movable independently of said secondary angle-adjusting means, means for detachably connecting said angle-adjusting means together causing them IOO IIO

to be bodily movable and to permit of adjustmy hand in presence of two Subscribing witmg said prlmary means by sind secondary messes. means, and means carried by the stock and en- HARL 4 E fr" gagmg szud secondary angle-adjustlng means (j Lb L n lON for fixing' it; and said prnmry,angle-adjusmug Tituessesz memos in their huid adjusted postlons. H. C. MEHRLICH,

ln testimony whereofl l have hereunto set J. Gr. ALLARD. 

